Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e baixa aderência ao padrão alimentar ocidental em escolares: um estudo transversal / Body image dissatisfaction and low adherence to the Western dietary standard among schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study

Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar padrões alimentares e avaliar a associação entre percepção da imagem corporal e esses padrões em escolares. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido em 385 escolares (ambos os sexos, 10-17 anos de idade) de 4 escolas públicas de Salvador, Brasil. Dois recordatórios alimentares de 24h não consecutivos foram aplicados e o padrão alimentar foi determinado por Análise Fatorial Exploratória, após ajuste dos dados dietéticos pelo Multiple Source Method. Para avaliar percepção da imagem corporal, nós usamos uma escala brasileira de silhuetas. Avaliamos as associações entre percepção da imagem corporal e padrões alimentares usando o modelo de regressão logística politômica ajustado para covariáveis. Três padrões alimentares foram obtidos: "padrão ocidental", "padrão saudável" e "comidas típicas/junk food". Após ajuste, adolescentes que desejavam uma silhueta menor (2,48 [IC95%: 1,04-6,11], 3,49 [IC95%: 1,35-9,05] e 2,87 [IC95%: 1,13-7,26]) tinham mais chances de aderir aos quintis de menor consumo do padrão ocidental, comparados àqueles satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Nenhuma associação foi identificada nos outros dois padrões alimentares. Adolescentes insatisfeitos com seus corpos tendem a aderir menos a padrões alimentares não saudáveis.

Abstract This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and to evaluate the association between body image perception and these patterns among schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 schoolchildren (both sexes, 10-17 years old) from four public schools in Salvador, Brazil. Two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were applied, and the dietary pattern was determined by Exploratory Factor Analysis after adjustment of dietary data using the Multiple Source Method. To evaluate body image perception, the Brazilian body shape silhouette was used. The associations between body image perception and dietary patterns using the polytomous logistic regression model adjusted for covariables was assessed. Three dietary patterns were obtained: "Western standard," unhealthy, "healthy pattern" and "typical dishes/ junk food." After adjustment, adolescents who wished for a slimmer silhouette (2.48 [95%CI: 1.04-6.11], 3.49 [95%CI: 1.35-9.05] and 2.87 [95%CI: 1.13-7.26]) were more likely to adhere to the quintiles with the lowest consumption of the Western standard, compared to those satisfied with their body image. No associations were identified in the other two dietary patterns. Adolescents dissatisfied with their bodies tend to adhere less to unhealthy dietary patterns.

Microbial contamination status of swimming places for infants and young children in Shijia-zhuang City and comparison with other public places, 2021–2022 / 环境与职业医学

Background At present, China's Public places health management regulations list 7 categories and 28 sub-categories of public places, but infant and young child swimming places are not in the list yet. Objective To understand the microbial pollution status in commercial infant and young child swimming places in Shijiazhuang City, compare with the microbial pollution in other five types of public places, and find the potential safety hazards in infant and young child swimming places. Methods A total of 3438 microbial samples were collected from the environment of infant and young child swimming places and 5 types of public places (hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets, and conventional swimming places) in Shijiazhuang City from 2021 to 2022. Sampling and monitoring were carried out according to the requirements of Examination methods for public places—Part 6: Technical specifications of health monitoring (GB/T 18204.6-2013). Chi-square test was used to compare hygiene qualification by microbial indicators, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare overall distributions of total bacterial counts on the surface of public articles. Results From 2021 to 2022, the highest qualified rate of microbial indicators on the surface of public articles was Staphylococcus aureus (100%) for all tested public places in Shijiazhuang City, followed by coliforms (99.44%), and that of total bacterial count was relative low (92.83%). The qualified rate of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 87.76%, and the qualified rates in hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets were all above 92%, and the difference among the 5 types of places was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest value of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 80000 CFU·(25 cm2)−1 [100 CFU·(25 cm2)−1=4 CFU·cm−2]; that in 4 types of public places such as hotels (except mouthwash cups), barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets was 2500 CFU·(25 cm2)−1. The difference of total bacteria count on the surface of public articles was statistically significant in comparing infant and young child swimming places with hotels (except mouthwash cups) or barber stores (H=5.432, H=2.997, both Ps<0.05); but the difference was not significant in comparing with waiting rooms and shopping malls or supermarkets (P>0.05). The qualified rates of total bacteria count and coliforms in pool water of infant and young child swimming places were 45.99% and 74.69% respectively, and the two indicators in pool water of conventional swimming places were 94.57% and 98.91% respectively; both showed significant differences between the two types of public places (χ2=162.532, χ2=71.910, both Ps<0.001). Conclusion Compared to conventional swimming places, hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets, the infant and young child swimming places are not optimistic in hygiene condition; therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate national health standards for infants and young child swimming places, and include them in standard management to further improve their hygiene condition.

HL7 un estándar de interoperabilidad en salud: Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Introducción: Las aplicaciones informáticas en la práctica médica han permitido el desarrollo de novedosas formas de comunicación en la atención del Sistema de Salud. La estandarización representa un elemento necesario para la sostenibilidad y escalabilidad del software desarrollado. En sistemas para la salud existen diversas aplicaciones del estándar HL7. Objetivo: Realizar una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL) sobre el estándar de interoperabilidad HL7. Materiales y métodos: Para la definición y ejecución del presente estudio se empleó la propuesta metodológica establecida por Petersen la cual plantea cinco pasos secuenciales: definición de las preguntas de investigación; definición de los criterios de búsqueda; definición de los criterios de selección de estudios primarios; determinación del esquema de clasificación; y extracción de datos y mapeo de estudios. Resultados: Se obtuvieron como resultado preliminar 428 569 entradas posibles. Aplicando el primer filtro de inclusión y exclusión sobre el título, resumen y palabras clave, quedaron 864 documentos, de los cuales solo 276 cumplieron con haber sido publicados en el período que se analiza (2017-2022). De ellos sólo 72 permitían acceso completo a la documentación y al ser analizados se descartan 51 por no ofrecer información acorde al tema de investigación. Resultaron un total de 21 artículos para un análisis a mayor profundidad. Conclusiones: A partir de la revisión sistemática se pudo constatar que en la optimización de los procesos comunicativos es preciso el uso de estándares que armonicen el intercambio de información y provean un lenguaje común para todos los agentes involucrados.

Introduction: Computer applications in medical practice have allowed the development of novel forms of communication in the Health Care System. Standardization represents a necessary element for the sustainability and scalability of the developed software. In health systems there are various applications of the HL7 standard. Objective: To perform a Systematic Review of Literature (RSL) on the HL7 interoperability standard. Methods: The methodological proposal established by Petersen, which proposes five sequential steps such as: definition of research questions, definition of search criteria, definition of the selection criteria of primary studies, determination of the classification scheme, and data extraction and mapping study, was used for the definition and implementation of this study. Results: A total of 428,569 possible entries were obtained as a preliminary result. Applying the first inclusion and exclusion filter on the title, abstract and keywords, 864 documents remained, of which only 276 complied with having been published in the period under analysis (2017-2022). Only 72 of them allowed full access to the documentation and when analyzed, 51 were excluded for not offering information according to the research topic. A total of 21 articles were selected for further analysis. Conclusions: Based on the systematic review, it was possible to verify that in the optimization of communication processes, standards must be used to harmonize the exchange of information and provide a common language for all the agents involved.

ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS FOR YIELD AND YIELD RELATED COMPONENTS USING DIVERSE TESTERS IN PEARL MILLET [PENNISETUM GLAUCUM (L.) R. BR.]

Experiment comprised of twenty six female type parents and seven restorer parents of pearl millet and their 182 hybrids was conducted at two locations viz., ICRISAT, Patancheru (Latitude 17.52° N; Longitude 78.26° E and Altitude 522 m) and research farm of Super seeds Pvt Ltd., Hisar (Latitude 29.15° N; Longitude 75.72° E and Altitude 215 m) during rainy 2018, for studying the extent of hybrid vigour in F1 for grain yield and its components. For days to 50% owering, top cross hybrid MBL-5 X MOPT-31 (-13.37**) showed highest signicant and positive heterosis over check 86M86. The top cross hybrid MBL-17 X MOPT-33 (45.21**) highest, signicant standard heterosis in positive direction over check 86M86 for panicle length (cm). The single cross hybrid MBL-3 X MIT-29 (14.12*) exhibited signicant and positive standard heterosis over 86M86 for panicle girth (cm). for productive tillers, single cross hybrid MBL-8 X MIT-28 (98.34**) showed highest signicant positive standard heterosis over check 86M86 and the single cross hybrid MBL-24 X MIT-28 (18.42) showed positive standard heterosis over check 86M86

¿Qué es el test de latencia múltiple de sueño y cuál es su uso en pediatría? / What is the multiple sleep latency test and what is its use in pediatrics?

La prueba de latencia múltiple del sueño nos permite evaluar objetivamente las variaciones normales y patológicas en la somnolencia y el estado de alerta. Es una prueba que evalúa qué tan rápido una persona se duerme en condiciones estandarizadas que facilitan el sueño, y se repite a intervalos de 2 horas durante todo el día. Es el estándar para documentar el inicio del sueño REM (SOREMP), que es un síntoma de narcolepsia y en la somnolencia idiopática podría ser útil. Su uso está ampliamente descrito en adultos, pero la prueba no es tan común en niños. En esta revisión, se analizan los valores en adultos y niños, y su utilidad, a partir de la historia de la prueba.

The multiple sleep latency test allows us to objectively assess normal and pathological variations in sleepiness and alertness. It is a test that assesses how quickly a person falls asleep under standardized conditions that facilitate sleep and is repeated at 2-h intervals throughout the day. is the standard for documenting sleep onset REM (SOREMP), which is a symptom of Narcolepsy and idiopathic sleepiness could be useful. Its use is widely described in adults, but the test is not so common in children. In this review, we analyze the values in adults and children, and their usefulness, based on from the history of the test.

Estimación de brechas de geriatras en Chile / Estimation of geriatrician gaps in Chile

Antecedentes: el envejecimiento de la población chilena y la transición epidemiológica que atraviesa el país, ha incrementado la necesidad de formar, entre otros especialistas, a médicos geriatras. Objetivo: estimar la brecha de geriatras en Chile de acuerdo con necesidades epidemiológicas de la población de 65 años y más. Método: se realizó una estimación de brecha de horas de geriatra para la red de salud, a partir de una consulta a 57 geriatras de laboralmente activos de un total de 156 geriatras registrados a enero del 2021. En dicha consulta se indagó sobre tiempo de duración de consulta y frecuencia de consultas ideales de acuerdo con la capacidad funcional de las personas mayores a nivel nacional y por región obtenida de la encuesta Casen 2017. Resultados: a febrero del 2022 existe un total de 162 geriatras en Chile, cifra que equivale a un geriatra por cada 15.806 personas de 65 años y más. De acuerdo con la estimación realizada, se requeriría en Chile, un total de 1.244.689 horas de geriatra anual, equivalentes a la existencia de 589 geriatras a nivel nacional. Conclusión: según los resultados del estudio, a nivel nacional se necesitarían de un total de 589 geriatras para cubrir las necesidades de atención de las personas mayores con algún nivel de dependencia. De acuerdo con estas cifras, al primer trimestre del 2022 el país presentaría una brecha de 427 geriatras. Ante lo elevada de esta brecha, se cree necesario avanzar en estrategias de formación general en geriatría y gerontología en los equipos de salud y socio-sanitarios.

Background:The ageing between the Chilean population and the epidemiological transition that the country is going through has increased the need to train, among other specialists, geriatric doctors.Objective: To estimate the gap between geriatricians in Chile according to the epidemiological needs of the population aged 65 years and over. Method:An estimate of the gap in geriatrician hours was made for the health network based on a consultation of 57 active geriatricians out of 156 registered as of January 2021. In this consultation, the duration and frequency of ideal consultations were inquired according to the functional capacity of the elderly at the national level and by region obtained from the Casen 2017 survey.Results: as of February 2022, there are 162 geriatricians in Chile, equivalent to one geriatrician for every 15,806 people aged 65 years and over. According to the estimate, a total of 1,244,689 hours of annual geriatrician would be required in Chile, equivalent to 589 geriatricians nationwide. Conclusion:According to the study's results, at the national level, a total of 589 geriatricians would be needed to cover the care needs of older people with some level of dependen-ce. According to these figures, in the first quarter of 2022, the country would present a gap of 427 geriatricians. Given the highness of this gap, it is believed necessary to advance general training strategies in geriatrics and gerontology in health and socio-health teams

PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

Its start a decade ago, pharmacovigilance (PV) experienced tremendous development. There have been significant attempts in recent years to transform the current pharmacovigilance systems to meet future expectations. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are increasing in frequency, severity, and complexity as novel medication therapies are coming to market more quickly as a result of better laws and regulations. India is the second most popular nation in the world, with around 1 billion active and prospective consumers of pharmaceuticals. Despite being a member of the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, our nation has almost little commitment to the database. This problem is brought on by the inadequate ADR (adverse drug reaction) monitoring system and lack of knowledge among pharmacy associates and medical professionals. The primary objectives of the PV program are patient care, patient safety, and monitoring of negative medication reactions. There is a need for additional clinical preliminary exams and clinical assessments in India to accurately practice PV. A fully functional PV system is essential for the safe and responsible administration of medicines. This review gives a systematic review of pharmacovigilance in India from its origin to its current scenario and also discusses the various strategies and proposals to build, maintain and implement a robust pharmacovigilance system for India in coming years.

Update of the Brazilian consensus recommendations on Duchenne muscular dystrophy / Atualização das recomendações do consenso brasileiro para distrofia muscular de Duchenne

Abstract In the last few decades, there have been considerable improvements in the diagnosis and care of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common childhood muscular dystrophy. International guidelines have been published and recently reviewed. A group of Brazilian experts has developed a standard of care based on a literature review with evidence-based graded recommendations in a two-part publication. Implementing best practice management has helped change the natural history of this chronic progressive disorder, in which the life expectancy for children of the male sex in the past used to be very limited. Since the previous publication, diagnosis, steroid treatment, rehabilitation, and systemic care have gained more significant insights with new original work in certain fields. Furthermore, the development of new drugs is ongoing, and some interventions have been approved for use in certain countries. Therefore, we have identified the need to review the previous care recommendations for Brazilian patients with DMD. Our objective was to create an evidence-based document that is an update on our previous consensus on those topics.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, houve progressos significativos no diagnóstico e no tratamento da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD), considerada a distrofia muscular mais comum na infância. Diretrizes internacionais foram publicadas e revisadas recentemente. Um grupo de especialistas brasileiros desenvolveu um padrão de atendimento baseado em revisão de literatura, com recomendações graduadas pautadas em evidências compiladas em uma publicação dividida em duas partes. A implementação de melhores práticas de manejo ajudou a modificar a história natural desta doença crônica, progressiva, que, no passado, oferecia uma expectativa de vida muito limitada para crianças do sexo masculino. Desde a publicação desse consenso anterior, o diagnóstico, o tratamento com esteroides, a reabilitação e os cuidados sistêmicos ganharam novas possibilidades a partir da divulgação dos resultados de trabalhos originais em algumas dessas áreas. Além disso, as pesquisas e o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos estão em andamento, e algumas intervenções já foram aprovadas para uso em determinados países. Nesse contexto, identificamos a necessidade de rever as recomendações anteriores sobre o manejo dos pacientes brasileiros com DMD. Nosso objetivo principal foi elaborar uma atualização baseada em evidências sobre esses tópicos do consenso.

Interpretation of methodological standards for the design, implementation, and analysis of randomized trials in cardiac surgery: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association in 2022 / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Cardiac surgery presents specific challenges in conducting randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The American Heart Association made a scientific statement of methodological standards, with the purpose to review key concepts and standards in design, implementation, and analysis of cardiac surgery RCTs, and to provide recommendations. Recommendations include an evaluation of the suitability of the research question, clinical equipoise, feasibility of enrolling a representative patient cohort, impact of practice variations on the effect of the study intervention, likelihood and impact of crossover, and duration of follow-up. Trial interventions and study end points should be predefined, and adequate deliverability of the trial interventions should be ensured. Every effort must be made to keep a high completeness of follow-up. Trial design and analytic techniques must be tailored to the specific research question and trial setting. In this paper, the authors made an interpretation of this scientific statement based on their practical experience.

Progress and prediction of multicomponent quantification in complex systems with practical LC-UV methods / 药物分析学报

Complex systems exist widely,including medicines from natural products,functional foods,and bio-logical samples.The biological activity of complex systems is often the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components.In the quality evaluation of complex samples,multicomponent quantitative analysis(MCQA)is usually needed.To overcome the difficulty in obtaining standard products,scholars have proposed achieving MCQA through the"single standard to determine multiple components(SSDMC)"approach.This method has been used in the determination of multicomponent content in natural source drugs and the analysis of impurities in chemical drugs and has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Depending on a convenient(ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography method,how can the repeatability and robustness of the MCQA method be improved?How can the chromatography conditions be optimized to improve the number of quantitative components?How can computer software technology be introduced to improve the efficiency of multicomponent analysis(MCA)?These are the key problems that remain to be solved in practical MCQA.First,this review article summarizes the calculation methods of relative correction factors in the SSDMC approach in the past five years,as well as the method robustness and accuracy evaluation.Second,it also summarizes methods to improve peak capacity and quantitative accuracy in MCA,including column selection and two-dimensional chromatographic analysis technology.Finally,computer software technologies for predict-ing chromatographic conditions and analytical parameters are introduced,which provides an idea for intelligent method development in MCA.This paper aims to provide methodological ideas for the improvement of complex system analysis,especially MCQA.

Interpretation of standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology / 中华实验眼科杂志

Sequencing technology has evolved rapidly with the advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS). By adopting NGS, more and more ophthalmologists and medical institutions are now performing genetic testing for molecular diagnosis and genetic research in genetic ocular disorders.Genetic testing has gradually become an indispensable test item in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with monogenetic ocular diseases and has been accompanied by new challenges in sequence interpretation due to increased complexity.As we know, NGS can detect a large number of the genetic variation data.Without strict standards to distinguish pathogenic variation from many potential functional variations in the human genome, false positive judgments of causality may be accelerated, which may hind the application and promotion of genetic diagnosis in clinical diagnosis as well as the biological understanding of diseases.The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) has developed guidances for the interpretation of sequence variants and the Chinese Branch of Genetic Counseling has organized some experts in the field of genetic compiled the Chinese version of the ACMG Standards and Guidelines, which is one of the reference bases to help us interpret genetic variation.This article interpreted the ACMG Standards and Guidelines in order to provide reference for Chinese ophthalmologists in the classification of genetic variation, determination of pathogenic variation, application in clinical diagnosis and related genetic research.

The current situation and prospect of nursing construction of chest pain center in regional collaborative model / 中国实用护理杂志

This paper summarized the development status and shortcomings of the nursing field of chest pain center in China′s regional collaborative mode from four aspects, including the construction status of nursing staff, nursing quality control methods, nursing information construction, and nursing construction problems of chest pain centers in regional collaborative mode, so as to provide theoretical reference for the further standardized construction of nursing units in chest pain centers.

Standard on classification of Traditional Chinese Medicine ancient books / 国际中医中药杂志

The standardization of classification methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) ancient books can provide a clear and reliable reference for all kinds of TCM ancient books collection units, which can also promote the sharing and utilization of TCM ancient books. We studied and investigated the classification methods of TCM ancient books in past dynasties. The standard on classification of TCM ancient books was formulated by compared with the classification table of Zhongguo Zhongyi Guji Zongmu, and referred to the classification table of Zhonghua Guji Zongmu. This standard specified three-level categories and classification principles of TCM ancient books, and mainly composed of basic categories, three-level category table, classification principles and examples, and instructions for use.

Survey on the awareness and application of radiation shielding specifications for γ-ray radiotherapy room / 中国职业医学

Objective: To investigate the implementation of GBZ/T 201.3-2014 Radiation Shielding Specification for Radiotherapy Room--Part 3: Radiotherapy Room of γ-ray Sources (hereinafter referred to GBZ/T 201.3-2014). Methods: A total of 129 personnels, who were involved in the approval and supervision of radiation diagnosis and treatment construction projects in 19 provincial administrative agencies, engaged in radiation protection testing and evaluation of γ-ray radiotherapy rooms in radiation health technology service institutions, and used GBZ/T 201.3-2014 in other institutions (environmental impact assessment, education and scientific research), were selected as the participants using a stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess their awareness and application of the standard. Results: The participants' awareness of GBZ/T 201.3-2014 was ≥63.6%, but the training rate was only 9.1% to 50.0%. The familiarity with the various chapters of the standard was over 86.4%. And 42.6% of the participants reported using the standard at least once a year. Regarding the applicability of the standard, all of the participants believed that the standard meets the needs of approval, supervision, testing, or evaluation, and adapts to the updated development of radiotherapy equipment and technology. And 94.6% of the participants believed that the use of the standard could improve the level of protection design and management, and 92.2% believed that the standard was widely applied. Regarding the adequacy of the standard, 97.7% of the participants believed that the standard's reference for ambient dose equivalent rate was reasonable, while 34.1% believed that the standard needs revision. Conclusion: The participants are satisfied with the standard and believe its applicability. They have a good level of awareness of the standard, but there is a room for improvement in their familiarity with the shielding calculation related content of the standard. The promotion, training, and practicality of the standard need to be strengthened.

Study on quality standard for Miao medicine Clinopodium gracile / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standard of Clinopodium gracile. METHODS Ten batches of C. gracile were collected to perform appearance and property identification， microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography （TLC） identification. Moisture， total ash， acid-insoluble ash and dilute ethanol extract were detected， and the content of rosmarinic acid was determined by HPLC. RESULTS The stem of C. gracile was slender， square columnar， covered by white fluff， the surface was grayish green or greenish brown； epidermal cells， non-glandular hairs， cortical cells and so on were seen in the cross section of the stem. Non-glandular hairs， ducts， wood fibers， mesophyll cells and so on could be seen in the powder. Results of TLC identification showed that there were spots of the same color in the chromatographic position corresponding to the chromatographic position of buddlejasaponin Ⅳb control. The contents of water， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， dilute ethanol extract and rosmarinic acid in 10 batches of samples were 8.69%-12.33%， 5.96%-13.33%， 0.14%-3.29%， 18.57%-32.61%， 0.35%-0.82%， respectively. The average values were 10.10%， 9.73%， 1.06%， 23.54% and 0.56%， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established method can be used for quality control of C. gracile. It is preliminarily proposed that the ash content in the herb should not exceed 12.0%， the total ash content should not exceed 12.0%， the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%， the dilute ethanol extract should not be less than 18.0%， and the rosmarinic acid content should not be less than 0.45%.

Study on quality standard of Yi medicine Gynura japonica and quality evaluation of medicinal materials from different producing areas / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To improve the quality standard of Yi medicine Gynura japonica， and to evaluate its quality. METHODS Using 15 batches of G. japonica from different producing areas as samples， the contents of water， total ash， acid- insoluble ash and water-soluble extract were determined according to the method stated in part Ⅳ of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 edition）. The contents of total alkaloid （calculated by senecionine） was determined by UV spectrophotometry. The contents of senecionine and seneciphylline were determined by HPLC. Using above 7 indexes as evaluation indexes， cluster heat map analysis， principal component analysis （PCA） and entropy weight approximation ideal ranking （TOPSIS） were used to evaluate the quality of medicinal material comprehensively. RESULTS Among 15 batches of G. japonica， the moisture contents were 8.88%-12.60%， the total ash contents were 4.43%-11.02%， the acid-insoluble ash contents were 0.56%-3.45%， the water-soluble extract contents were 21.71%-53.91%， the total alkaloid contents （calculated by senecionine） were 0.15%-0.39%， and the contents of senecionine and seneciphylline were 0.01% -0.05% and 0.01%-0.06% respectively. According to the results of various indicators， it was preliminarily proposed that the water content in the sample of G. japonica should not exceed 13.00%， the total ash content should not exceed 11.50%， the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 3.70%， the water-soluble extract should not be less than 20.70%， the total alkaloid content should not be less than 0.15%， the contents of senecionine and seneciphylline should not be less than 0.01% both. The results of cluster heat map analysis showed that the 15 batches of samples could be divided into four categories； the results of PCA and TOPSIS showed that the samples with high-quality ranking were jsq-2， jsq-5， jsq-6 and jsq-10， and the samples with low-quality ranking were jsq-4， jsq-13 and jsq-14. CONCLUSIONS In this study， the quantitative analysis method of total alkaloids （calculated by senecionine）， senecionine and seneciphylline in G. japonica is established， and the limits of each index are preliminarily determined. Among 15 batches of samples， the qualities of medicinal material collected from Linza Village of Ganluo County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， Machangping Village of Luojishan Town of Puge County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and other places are better.

Research progress on the pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical strains / 口腔疾病防治

@#Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is closely related to the occurrence and development of periodontitis. It is considered to be one of the important pathogens leading to alveolar bone resorption. At present, research on P. gingivalis mostly adopts standard laboratory strains whose genetic characteristics have been confirmed, are guaranteed and are traceable, such as ATCC 33277. The virulence phenotypes (endotoxin, firmbria, etc.) of clinically extracted isolates are quite different from those of standard strains, and the pathogenic effects and ability of the host are also widely different. In addition, P. gingivalis is considered to have a significant correlation with a variety of systemic diseases, and the virulence characteristics and pathogenic ability of different strains will have different effects on systemic diseases. However, at present, there is a lack of research on clinical strains and standard strains, and there is a lack of systematic comparison between the two sources of bacteria. In this paper, the differences in the virulence phenotypes and pathogenic effects between clinical isolates and standard strains of P. gingivalis in the last 5-10 years are reviewed. The aim is to elucidate the important virulence gene loci in the P. gingivalis gene sequence, which will play an important role in improving therapeutic methods and the development of related drugs.

Varieties systematization and standards status analysis of fermented Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Fermented Chinese medicine has long been used. Amid the advance for preservation of experience, the connotation of fermented Chinese medicine has been enriched and improved. However, fermented Chinese medicine prescriptions generally contain a lot of medicinals. The fermentation process is complicated and the conventional fermentation conditions fail to be strictly controlled. In addition, the judgment of the fermentation end point is highly subjective. As a result, quality of fermented Chinese medicine is of great difference among regions and unstable. At the moment, the quality standards of fermented Chinese medicine are generally outdated and different among regions, with simple quality control methods and lacking objective safe fermentation-specific evaluation indictors. It is difficult to comprehensively evaluate and control the quality of fermented medicine. These problems have aroused concern in the industry and also affected the clinical application of fermented Chinese medicine. This article summarized and analyzed the application, quality standards, and the modernization of fermentation technology and quality control methods of fermented Chinese medicine and proposed suggestions for improving the quality standards of the medicine, with a view to improving the overall quality of it.

Analysis and Reflection on Drafting Units of Medical Device Industry Standards in China / 中国医疗器械杂志

Standard drafting is an important part in the process of standard formulation and revision. By analyzing the status of the medical device industry standards drafting, thoughts and suggestions were proposed to further promote all relevant parties to actively participate in the standard drafting, effectively improve the quality of the standards, strengthen the technical support and promote the high-quality development of the industry. The statistical data of the participation of social organizations in the drafting and as the first unit drafting medical devices standards from 2017 to 2021 was researched, and the problems in the drafting of standards at this stage were analyzed. Based on the research and analyses, some thoughts and suggestions were proposed to strengthen the management of standard drafting units and promote the participation of all relevant parties in standard drafting. It is necessary to expand and enhance social participation in standard drafting further by innovating incentives, refining and strengthening normative requirements, and creating a positive social atmosphere.

Analysis of Revision Content and Evaluation Attentions on Guidance for Registration of Metallic Bone Plate Internal Fixation System (Revised in 2021) / 中国医疗器械杂志

This study briefly introduces the revised content of Guidance for Registration of Metallic Bone Plate Internal Fixation System (Revised in 2021) compared to the original guidance, mainly including the principles of dividing registration unit, main performance indicators of standard specification, physical and mechanical performance research, and clinical evaluation. At the same time, in order to provide some references for the registration of metallic bone plate internal fixation system, this study analyzes the main concerns in the review process of these products based on the accumulation of experience combining with the current review requirements.